Smart lignin valorisation: Fully bio-based dynamic dual-network polymers via one-pot synthesis

Lignin is an abundant renewable resource but remains challenging to convert into high-performance polymers due to complex synthesis and poor reprocessability. A team led by Quan Yan now reports a one-pot approach to produce fully bio-based dynamic dual-network polymers with tunable performance and recyclability.

The method exploits a side reaction — free radical termination — during the radical polymerisation of star-shaped lignin graft copolymers. This step forms a primary permanent network while significantly improving monomer conversion (95.6 % versus 62.1 % in conventional star polymers). Subsequently, carboxylic acid-terminated poly(lactic acid) oligomers act as green crosslinkers, creating a secondary adaptive network via transesterification.

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Reprocessable, mechanically enhanced and multifunctional

The resulting dual-network polymers demonstrate an 18.5-fold increase in mechanical strength compared with linear counterparts while remaining reprocessable and structurally stable. They also exhibit superhydrophobicity (contact angle > 108°), improved thermal stability and light-responsive behaviour.

This work showcases a new paradigm for valorising lignin into sustainable, high-performance and recyclable polymers, supporting the development of circular material systems.

Source: Yan, Q. et al. One-pot synthesis of lignin-derived fully bio-based dynamic dual-network polymers via synergistic side reactions and star-shaped architectural design. Green Chem. 39, (2025).

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