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European Coatings Conference
Extra
Pre-Conference Tutorial
18 September 2008
Berlin, Germany
Main conference
"Fire Retardant
Coatings III"
18/19 September 2008
Berlin, Germany
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 Welcome
At a Glance
Tutorial
Abstracts
Delegates Section
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| Events > European Coatings Conferences > Fire Retardant Coatings > Abstracts |
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MAIN CONFERENCE: Abstracts
| THURSDAY, 18 September 2008 |
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| SESSION I: Mechanism and Testing |
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Flame retardancy mechanism: Some comments on the role of surface
Bernhard Schartel, BAM - Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany
Several interacting chemical and physical processes control the fire behaviour of a specimen and for some of them the surface plays a key role. This is also one of the reasons, why coatings can be successfully used to protect specimen from fire. Some food for thought is given on flame retardancy mechanisms and the role of the surface for igniting and burning flame retarded materials. Different mechanisms are discussed in the gas phase and the condensed phase. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the reached efficiency depends on the specific fire scenario and on the protection goal addressed; and thus on the fire test used since the better-established fire tests simulate quite different fire scenarios and protection goals for good reasons.
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Resistance to fire of intumescent coating using small scale tests´
Prof. Serge Bourbigot, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille, France
Various methods can be used to protect materials against attack by fire. An efficient way is to use flame retardants and/or particles (micro or nanodispersed) in a coating covering their surface (e.g. structural steel, wood or textiles). The mode of action is generally attributed to the formation of a heat barrier at the surface of the materials decreasing heat transfer from the flame and/or from the external heat flux to the substrate.
In this talk, different methods to protect substrates will be presented and discussed including the experimental evaluation (novel small scale tests) and the fundamentals (modeling): (i) fire protection using intumescent paint on steel plate, (ii) fire protection using intumescent paint on wood and (iii) nanostructured silicone containing carbon nanotube on steel. |
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Fire retardant coatings under climatic stress
Dr. Barbora Deppe, Fraunhofer-Institute for Wood Research-Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut (WKI), Germany
Fire retarding coatings provide the fire protection for flammable substrates. Under heat exposure a thick fire-resistance char barrier is formed in an intumescence process. This thermal insulation helps to prevent the substrate from ignition or deformation.
The protection of materials against fire has become an important issue in the construction industry. Intumescence coatings play the key role for fire retardant strategies. Nevertheless, there is a demand for significant improvement of their properties and performance.
At WKI new high performance fire retardant coatings with improved waterproofing performance suitable for outdoor application were developed. A waterborne coating was used as a model system.
The individual components contained in the intumescent coatings were investigated in reference to the water resistance of the obtained coating. Significant changes in waterproofing performance were achieved by the modification of the composition of the intumescence mixture using commercial products.
Additionally innovative encapsulated materials with low wettability were prepared. The designed particles were produced by combining commercially available micrometer- and nanometer particles during hybridization process. The results are compared and discussed.
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Fire hazards of multiple layers of paint in public areas
Dave Haythornthwaite, Salamander Fire Risk Analysis, United Kingdom
Over the past 25 years a number of well documented fires have occurred in the UK, where the rate of fire spread was clearly accelerated due to the presence of multiple layers of paint.
After discussing brief case histories for the fires, we look at the UK legislation and testing standards for flame retardant paints. The reaction of coatings to fire are briefly discussed and the results of recent research which has resulted in the production of the Warrington Blue Board and Upgrade Flame Retardant Coating Systems are presented.
The presentation concludes with an introduction to the concepts of Coatings Fire Risk Analysis, the results of which lead to risk assessment based recommendations for the use of flame retardant systems over previous decoration.
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Evaluating intumescent coatings for the fire protection of modern designs of steel structures
Geoff Deakin, Bodycote warringtonfire, United Kingdom
The required level of fire protection provided to elements of steel in any construction, to prevent its structural collapse, is a function of the anticipated severity of the fire as well as the inherent resistance of the unprotected structural elements themselves. For traditional fire protection products, applied to solid steel sections, design relationships are established between the limiting temperature of the steel and the time for which the element has to be maintained below that temperature, the "section factor" of the element (represented by the ratio of the steel perimeter to its cross sectional area) and the required thickness of the specific fire protection system. These relationships have normally been based upon analysis of fire test data using statistical analysis or differential thermal equations.
For intumescent fire protection coatings these historic test procedures and methods of analysis have been proved to be inadequate and a more thorough testing and assessment process has had to be developed. These products react during exposure to fire and change their thickness and form, and for any product there is a limiting thickness for maximum performance.
In addition, modern methods of steel design provide new challenges. Steel designers now make use of "limit state design" rather than simple "code compliant design", and this means that for each steel member within the structural frame there may be a different limiting temperature to be considered in a fire situation. Also, modern steel designs are tending towards long span deep web beams that incorporate openings within their web to accommodate the routing of services. These beam designs require special consideration irrespective of the nature of the fire protection since the predictions provided for solid steel sections do not apply because of the different methods of structural failure. However, for intumescent coatings these designs present a significant challenge since the product has larger surface areas to which it has to adhere and it has to additionally insulate the internal edge of the perimeter of the openings in the steel.
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| FRIDAY, 19 September 2008 |
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| SESSION II: Novel Materials and Technologies |
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Non-flammable materials by nanotechnology
Dr. Axel Kalleder, Inomat GmbH, Germany
From statistics it is known that far more than 90 % of the lives claimed by fire are not caused by the flames but by the emission of corrosive and toxic gases. A noteworthy part of the gases are emitted from organic compounds used for fire prevention. Such compounds are used instead of inorganic materials because of there better properties such as their good adhesion to different type of surfaces, their easy way of application and their weathering stability,
Inomat has developed water born silicate type of inorganic materials providing the possibility for the preparation of low-emission paints for fire prevention for in-door and out-door use.
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Intumescent flame retardant polymeric materials
Dr. Regina Sandra Nascimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
There is a great demand in the polymer industry for flame retarding systems free of halogens. Intumescent formulations are amongst the various possible alternatives, and we have been developing this type of systems using inorganic nanostructured additives as synergistic agents, achieving excellent results. The influence of these additives on the flame retardancy properties of several types of polymers was investigated by Thermogravimeric Analysis, Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), UL-94 rating standard, heating microscopy, rheological measurements and cone calorimetry. The results show that these additives have a strong positive influence on the performance of the polymeric composites containing the standard intumescent formulation. The LOI results obtained for samples with a polypropylene matrix reached values above 35% and all polymeric materials developed attained V0 ratings for UL-94.
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Recent Innovations in flame retardant textile coatings: Sol-Gel and plasma technology
Dr. Aysun Cireli, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey
Flame retardant materials based on phosphorus chemistry and halogen chemistry include toxicological and harmful properties during application or during end-use such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds emission, phosphorus compounds in waste water. To eliminate disadvantages alternative such as sol-gel and plasma technologies techniques should be used. Plasma technology has been used to deposit films on polymer surfaces without changing bulk properties for many applications such as water repellency, flame retardancy etc. We used 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisilane on polyamide and cotton fabrics. The flame spreading properties of cotton fabric was increased by 2-3 times for 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane. Sol-gel coating can be alternative process for flame retardant thin film. We treated cotton fabrics with P-doped Si-based solutions by sol-gel to acquire nonflammabilit. Now we are investigating the effect of synergism of phosphorus and boron on cotton fabric coated silica thin films by sol-gel process.
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Reactive oligomers: a novel class of surface modifiers for flame retardet magnesium hydroxide/polypropylene composites
Prof. Dr. Elisabetta Ranucci, University Milano, Italy
To obtain industrially acceptable results in LOI or UL94 test, filler loading of at least 50wt% is required in Mg(OH)2-based polypropylene flame-retardant composites. This results in deterioration of processability and mechanical properties of the composites. Surface treatment of Mg(OH)2 with long chain carboxylic acids increases both processability and mechanical properties but at the expenses of flame retardancy. We investigated the effect of novel reactive polymers (RP) as modifiers of Mg(OH)2 on processability, filler dispersion, mechanical properties and flame retardancy of Mg(OH)2-PP-composites. RPs provide links to the filler and peroxides capable to graft onto the PP matrix. RP improved Mg(OH)2 dispersion up to 60wt% loading. The mechanical properties were improved in contrast to naked Mg(OH)2, while improving the flame retardancy.
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| SESSION III: New Developements in phosphorous flame retardants |
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Synthesis and properties of flame retardant epoxy resins based on phosphorus compounds
Prof. Dr. Manfred Döring, Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany
Epoxy resins are one of the most versatile classes of polymers with a great variety of applications. They are generally used as coatings, in fiber-reinforced composite materials, as casting resins and adhesives. Especially in electronic and electrical industries as well as aircraft and vehicle construction, fire resistance of these materials is of particular importance.
Recently, phosphorus-modified epoxy resins have received most attention in literature as well as in industry too. Depending on the process engineering and the used curing agents different phosphorus derivates should be used. In principle, flame retardancy of epoxies can be achieved by using phosphorus additives, hardeners and epoxy preformulations.
Since a phosphacyclic compound, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), was developed in the early 1970´s, a large number of applications and modifications of this flame retardant have been published. These systems are commercially applied for printed circuit boards and laminates. We developed syntheses of new heterocyclic and open-chain phosphorus compounds and introduce these molecules as additive as well as reactive components in epoxy resins with different hardeners and applications. In addition, we investigate the influence of sulphur or nitrogen in that molecules on the flame-retardant efficiency.
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Novel phosphoramidate flame retardants
Dr. Sabyasachi Gaan, EMPA, Switzerland
Organophosphorus flame retardants containing nitrogen as an element is of great importance for application on cellulosic and other synthetic polymers because of possible phosphorus- nitrogen synergism. We have recently developed novel phosphoramidate compounds for application on cellulose and other polymers. The advantage of these phosphoramidates is that they are synthesized from cheap intermediates with excellent yields. Most of these phosphoramidates are bifunctional in nature because of presence of hydroxyl and amide groups which could be crosslinked onto polymers by using suitable crosslinker. In this presentation we would report synthesis of novel phosphoramidate, structure property relationship of phosphoramidates (thermal degradation studies and burning tests) and application on cotton (durable finishing treatments with suitable crosslinkers).
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Phosphor based flame retardants for transparent laquers
Jelena Djudejevic, Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Germany
Liquid organic phosphorous compounds play an important role as flame retardant on the market. According to various fire tests their effect was proven.
Since there are more and more regulations on fire safety, manufacturers of paints and lacquers are looking for flame retardants.
Now it is possible to modify transparent lacquers with liquid, phosphorous based flame retardants without loosing their brilliance and transparency. Phosphorous based liquid flame retardants show a very good effect and most of them are not under the VOC Solvents Directive.
A higher flame retardant effect could be achieved by addition of special, finely ground, dispersed additives. This is an attribute of the synergism between compact additives and liquid flame retardants. This effect was proven in many trials.
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