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European Coatings Conference
Extra
Pre-Conference Tutorial
27 February 2008
Berlin, Germany
Main conference
"Marine Coatings"
28/29 February 2008
Berlin, Germany
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 Welcome
At a Glance
Tutorial
Abstracts
Delegates Section
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| Events > European Coatings Conferences > Marine Coatings > Abstracts |
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MAIN CONFERENCE: Abstracts
| THURSDAY, 28 February 2008 |
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| SESSION I: Methods, developments and Trends |
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Impact of containerization on polyurethane and polyurea in marine and protective coatings
Dr. Malte Homann, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany
International sea container business became the backbone of the globalization process. Minimizing freight charges through effizient container transport and handling is the driving force in this fast growing business with e.g. Chinas exports via sea containers having grown by 27% in 2007 against previous year. The paper highlights emerging applications for polyurethane and polyurea or their hybrid systems in demanding applications regarding durability and efficiency linked to container transport and handling. Examples are given for container ships coated with two-component aliphatic or aromatic polyurethane and two-component aliphatic polyurea, as well as for container harbour facilities coated with single-component aromatic polyurethane and two-component aliphatic polyurea.
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The application of combinatorial/high-throughput methods to the development of marine coatings
Dr. Bret Chisholm, North Dakota University, USA
A combinatorial workflow was developed for marine coating research and development. The workflow is comprised of high throughput methods for all aspects of coating research such as experimental design, polymer precursor synthesis and characterization, coating formulation, coating deposition, curing, testing, and data analysis. A key component of the workflow is a suite of high-throughput biological assays based on a variety of marine organisms such as bacteria, algae, and barnacles. These assays are used to characterize both antifouling character and fouling-release properties of marine coatings. The workflow will be described in detail and some representative results obtained using the workflow will be presented.
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Progress and perspectives in the AMBIO (advanced nanostructured surfaces for the control of biofouling) Project
Prof. James Callow, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Biofouling is the unwanted growth of marine organisms on structures in aquatic environments, and constitutes a significant economic problem with associated environmental impacts. Fouling of a surface is essentially the outcome of the molecular interfacial processes involving the polymeric adhesives produced by the aquatic organisms, and the substrates to which they attach. This adhesion is influenced by the physico-chemical properties of a surface such as surface energy, charge, conductivity, porosity, roughness, wettability, friction, physical and chemical reactivity, all of which are influenced by the surface nanostructure. The advent of nanotechnology has created new opportunities for scientists to manipulate and understand the nanoscale properties of coatings. The AMBIO project ('Advanced Nanostructured Surfaces for the Control of Biofouling') was therefore set up to explore the potential of these new technologies for creating conceptually novel coatings for the control of aquatic fouling, without the use of biocides. AMBIO is a 5-year project incorporating 31 Partners drawn from a wide range of disciplines, and receives a budget of € 11.9M from the EC's 6th Framework programme. The project started in March 2005 and is therefore reaching the end of its first 'experimental' phase during which the main aim has been to develop a range of conceptually diverse, well-characterised nanostructured coatings and to evaluate these for their intrinsic anti-fouling and fouling-release properties through a range of bioassays. Those showing most promise have been selected for scale-up and formulation as coatings to be tested in field assays representative of a range of end-user applications where fouling is a problem. The purpose of this presentation is to outline the research strategy of the project, to explain the main strands of research effort and to explore the emerging results.
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Release behaviour due to shear and pull-off of silicone coatings with a thickness gradient
Dr. James G. Kohl, San Diego University, USA
Silicone coatings are being investigated for their foul release properties and durability in their application to prevent fouling on ship hulls. Most studies have focused on coatings with uniform thickness and have shown that their release behavior follow a model presented by Kendall (1971). In that, the force required to remove pseudobarnacles, modeled as epoxy studs, from thin silicone coatings decreases as the thickness increases. The two types of release mechanisms observed from pull-off tests were void formation and edge peeling. Since the application of coatings to ships' hulls may result in areas that have a non-uniform thickness or thickness gradient, the work presented here will focus on the release behavior of epoxy from clear silicone coatings with a thickness gradient. Pull-off force tests and shear tests were performed using glass substrates in order to observe the release mode. Shear tests were performed from the thin to thick direction and from the thick to thin direction.
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New liquid rheology additives for high build marine coatings
Mr. Andreas Freytag, BYK, DE
A new generation of liquid rheology additives has been developed, utilizing a special combination of polyamide and urea segments in one molecule. These linear or branched structured urea modified polyamide additives provide pseudo-plastic rheology behaviour with rapid structure recovery in the paint, resulting in a remarkable improvement of sag control and anti-settling properties of solvent borne paints.
They provide a very high level of sag resistance even in airless spray applications, and can eliminate many of the difficulties with conventional polyamide or hydrogenated castor oil based rheology additives such as difficult incorporation/activation or poor inter-coat adhesion. Applications of the new additive series range from high build primers, used in marine and heavy-duty applications, to architectural and industrial coatings.
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Effective corrosion protection with polyaniline, polpyrrole and polythiophene as anticorrosice additives for marine paints
Prof. Carlos Alemán, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
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Potential applications of sol gel technology for marine applications
Robert Akid, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
Sol-gel coating technology is becoming of increasing interest especially where hybrid organic-inorganic formulations are adopted to provide specific coating functionality. The ability to replace Cr (VI) based pre-treatments and primers has been a major factor in the drive to develop silane-based coatings.
Pre- commercial systems have been developed within the authors' laboratory for applications such as in-line coil coatings, pre-treatments for fusion bonded epoxy powder coatings and magnets on substrates including mild steel, Al and NdBFe. It is now interesting to asses whether or not coating systems based on silanes may be used for more aggressive environments faced by the onshore and offshore sector. Based on the ability to encapsulate specific components within the sol gel matrix there would appear to be a number of opportunities to tailor the coating to a specific application. In this respect sol gel coatings may form the basis of an alternative top-coat system, providing specific functionality and complimenting the underlying coating system.
In this presentation the following systems are discussed:
- a 'bioactive' coating that has potential applications for anti-fouling and anti-microbial induced corrosion applications.
- a inhibitor release sol gel coating system is that for extending the lifetime of zinc coated components.
- a combination of a sol-gel coating with either polyethylene or polyester offering high hardness, scratch-resistance, and "self-sealing" properties.
Experimental data taken from electrochemical tests within the laboratory and external field trials will be presented.
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| FRIDAY, 29 February 2008 |
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| SESSION II: Facing the legislation |
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Performance of biocide-free Antifouling Coatings for leisure boats
Bernd Daehne, LimnoMar, Germany
All ships hulls need an effective protection system to prevent the attachment of fouling organisms - a so called anti-fouling system. Fouling causes an increase in fuel consumption and a decrease of the service speed of the ship. The mode of action of most antifouling systems is based on the release of biocides, but an increasing number of biocide-free products enter the market. The performance requirements of antifouling systems vary according to the type of ship: Leisure boats move slower and more infrequent than professional vessels. Thus extended times of mooring have to be stand and erosion process to facilitate the release of biocides has to be effected at low service speed. On the other hand, the antifouling systems does not have to perform for 3-5 years as in professional shipping but only for 1 or 2 fouling seasons. These are the main reasons for different antifouling products for leisure boats and professional ships. For leisure boats it is very important to consider the regional fouling conditions in the surrounding sailing area. In water bodies with a fast and massive growing fouling community, a biocide-free fouling protection is difficult to achieve and deserves sophisticated systems and accuracy at application. In areas with low fouling pressure, easy and simple methods are often sufficient. The current biocide-free alternatives for leisure boats will be presented.
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Novel biocidefree nanostructured antifouling coatings - can nano do the job?
Peter Willemsen, TNO Science and Industry, The Netherlands
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One component high solids, VOC compliant high durability finish technology
Adrian Andrews, Akzo Nobel/International Paint, United Kingdom
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High solid coatings - the hybrid solution
Dr. Luca Prezzi, SAFE Marine Nanotechnology, Italy
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) regulations become progressively stricter regarding the VOC emissions. Also our attention to the environment gets higher while observing the effects of the pollution on the human landscapes. Low VOC coatings are intended to address the need for less contamination although this need not always go together also with performance. High solid coatings based on conventional technologies are intended for the scope of the reduction of the environment contamination while maintaining high the performances. One of the possible paths for the solution of this problem is the formation of hybrids between conventional polymers (or oligomers and monomenrs) and less conventional polymers (or oligomers and monomers). The present study has been focused on epoxy-silica hybrids and on silicon-resins silica hybrids. The solution of the organic resins in the inorganic monomer, in opportune conditions, can lead to VOC free coatings with solid contents up to 98% and very simple to apply. Besides this approach to the high solids coating leads always performances improvement as for example a substantial increase in the Tg of the organic phase, an increase of the rubber-plateau modulus and a substantial reduction of solvent uptake. It was also discovered that the presence of organic-inorganic hybrid networks allows to entrap metal ions to be released at a controlled rate. Last but not least when the hybrids are used as coatings for ferrous metal substrates the adhesion to it gets much stronger.
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Unique organofunctional silicone resins for environmentally friendly high-performance coatings
Dr. Dieter Heldmann, Wacker Chemie AG, Germany
The protection of steel structures in agressive marine environments from pollution and exterior weathering is an important and growing part of the coatings market. For decades polyurethane topcoats have dominated this market segment. In the last few years, polysiloxane based paints have gained market shares. Polysiloxane technology combines toxicological and environmental benefits with equal, or even better performance. The chemistry involved will be described and a detailed view on organofunctional silicone resins which crosslink via polyaddition and polycondensation reactions will be provided. The coating performance including Florida exposure data for several guide formulations will be presented. All examples are based on 2-pack high solids (low VOC) coatings that do not contain any isocyanates or tin catalysts - adding the element of increased environmental friendliness.
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Silicone-alkyd paints for marine applications; from battleship-grey to green
Dr. Thomas Easton, Dow Corning, United Kingdom
One of the largest early applications for silicone-alkyd resins was in above-the-waterline paints on navy ships in the 1960s. The silicone modification typically increased the life of the paint on the surface from one year to three years, resulting in such paints being specified by several government agencies. In this paper we will discuss recent work on the preparation of high solids and water-borne versions of these hybrid resins. These are intended to comply with increasingly stringent VOC regulations.
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